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Zhu Zi’s “Big Learning” and its structure of the “Four Books” system
Author: Mao Chaoying
Source: Author Authorized by Confucian Network Published
Original from “Confucius Research” Issue 1, 2019
Time: Confucius was in the 2570s and the 21st day of the mid-spring of Jihai
� This article takes Zhu Xi’s “Big School” as a priority, reviews “Big School Chapters”, “Big School Or Questions”, “Big School Classics”, etc., and strives to complete two tasks: First, test Zhu Xi’s learning, research, and review “Big School”, especially his review of the annotations of “Big School”. Second, the transformation of Zhu Zi of the Ming Dynasty’s understanding of the book “Big Learning” and the construction process of the “Four Books” system developed based on the transformation of this understanding.
[Keywords】
Zhu Zi, “Big Learning”, “Four Books” System, Construction
1. Media
Money Mu’s evaluation Zhu Zi’s position in the history of science: “The circle is exposed. “The Song”, “Meng”, “Study”, and “Yong” are the “Four Books”, which are the works “Collected Notes” and “Chapter and Sentence”, and “Four Books” are The amount of money to be kept was above the “Five Books”. Those who study must first “Four Books” and then “Five Books”, so the new tradition of Confucius and Mencius followed the tradition of Confucius and became prosperous. “[①] also said: “The two Chengs first used “Big Xue” to show the students. The four books “Book of Zhi”, “Meng”, “Study”, and “Yong” were equally valued, and they began to the Northern Song Dynasty. The official collection of “Four Books” was formed by Zhu Zi.” “[②] The Dictionary of Jade (Daniel) (Daniel) (Daniel). K. Gardner) also noticed this transformation of Ye’s school in the middle of the Song Dynasty from the perspective of history, and Zhu Xi was an important figure in this transformation. [③]It is worth noting that the book “Big School” has a key position in the construction of Zhu Xi’s “Four Books” system. Volume 14 of Zhu Xi’s Words: “There is nothing to do with the Four Books”; the treatment of the Four Books is nothing to do with the Four Books.”[④] Recently, students have discussed the influence of Zhu Xi’s “Four Books” that emphasizes the impact of the two-Chronological sciences. However, they often neglect that the system of Zhu Xi’s “Four Books” itself also has differences. Zhou Zhixiang in 2A doctoral paper written in 20012 proposed a statement, which divided Zhu Zi’s “Big Learning” into three stages, and believed that it was the process of Zhu Zi’s “study for himself” laying the foundation, building and integrating his heart. [⑥]
In fact, the evolution described by Zhu Xi in “Big School” is not just the development process of “learning for oneself”, but rather the evolution of the entire Zhu Xi’s “Four Books” system. In other words, it is not just a physics development process, but a round, each episode is continuously eliminated until the remaining five participants challenge the five academic development process. This article attempts to start from the perspective of learning, using Zhu Xi’s “Big School” as a starting point, and reviews the “Big School Chapters”, “Benefiting Sweetheart Network Big School Or Questions”, “Zhu Xi’s Language” and other documents, and strives to complete two tasks: First, test Zhu Xi’s learning, seminar, and review “Big School”, especially the annotations he revised “Big School” href=”https://twlovecandy520.org/”>Brand the webmaster has been through. Second, explain Zhu Zi’s transformation of his understanding of the book “Big School” and its construction process of the “Four Books” system.
2. Zhu Zi’s early remarks on “Bai Wengong’s Letter Collection” Volume 44 “Answer to Jiang De Gong’s Book” 2: “The book of “Bai Xue” says that it also lets go of the previous meaning… I have learned that reading is a book since the fifteen or sixteenth hour, but not the meaning of investigating things. I have been in my heart for thirty years.”[⑦]When Zhu Zi learned to read “Bai Xue” at the fifteen or sixteenth hour. Volume 16 of Zhu Zi’s Words records his way of studying “Big School” at this time: “At the 17th and 18th of a certain year, I read “The Doctrine of the Mean” and “Big School”, and I have to read “The Doctrine of the Mean” and “Big School” every morning.” What exactly is the result of Zhu Zi’s “Big School” and “Area”. What about the Doctrine of the Mean? Volume 115 of “Speech”: “After a young age, he was good at studying science at the age of sixteen, and if he was today, he was good at studying science at the age of seventeen, he was familiar with it.” The above quotes are all Zhu Zi’s words in his late years. When he followed the effective study of science in his early years, he was especially at ease with “Study” and “Yong”, and he also clearly stated that this was the beginning of “Study” and “Yong”. However, when he was sixteen or seventeen years old, he was actually the first time he learned in Zhu Xi’s life, Zhu Xi learned some understanding of the principle because of his careful reading of “Big Learning” and “Doing the Mean”. However, his understanding was so deep that he had to start a long time to read “Study Learning” and “Yong” ten times. In short, the book “Big School” is actually a door to Zhu Xi’s late study of science, but Zhu Xi’s special position in theory and even Confucianism was initially unsure of it.
If reading “Big School” and “Doctor of the Mean” at the age of fifteen or sixteen made Zhu Zi’s first flying experience; then “The Big School Interpretation” and “Big School Interpretation” can be considered representatives of Zhu Zi’s research on “Big School” in the late period. To be divided, “The Great Explanation of the Muslim Family” is “A article in “Study and Dictionary” is smaller in length and can only be regarded as a single article discussing “Study and Dictionary”; “Study and Dictionary” is written later and dictionary, which is a special work on “Study and Dictionary”. Volume 72 of “Collected Works of the Book of Literature”: “The first time of the Book of Literature traveled with the two Cheng Masters, so his family was the most upright, but he was unable to be confused by the words of Laozi of Futu. Therefore, the last flow cannot overcome the disadvantages of no income and expenditure. Now, to discuss one or two of them to supplement their weaknesses, the correct people will take advantage of other words.”[11]
In the book of Literature, the name is Juren, Zeng Sun written by Literature, and Sun by Literature, and Volume 376 of “History of the Song Dynasty”. “History of the Song Dynasty” reads Ji Xizhe, “The name is Yuanming. He studied from Jiao Qianzhi, Sun Yao, Shi Jie and Hu Yuan for a while. He returned from Cheng Jun, Cheng Xi, and Zhang Xiuyou. He became more and more familiar with his knowledge.” [12] Zhu Zi said that “the most recent study in the book” refers to his grandfather Ji Xizhe who once “went with the two Cheng Masters.” Through this quotation, we can read two meanings: First, Zhu Xi believes that the science of the two Chengs is “regular learning”, and the homeschool in the book originates from the two Chengs, which is “close to the right”. Second, Zhu Zi was not satisfied and tried to criticize the “Booku Laozi’s statement” in “Explanation of the Great Learning”. In the following two points, Zhu Zi’s “The Great Explanation of the Chinese Family” can be said to criticize Lao Tzu’s teachings from the perspective of the Second Cheng Science.
Gun Family’s Great Learning” has three important points to criticism of the Buddhist teachings. The first point is to study things lies in accumulation. He said: “I am foolish in knowing how to study things. When learning a thing, it is the beginning of learning. Once you know it, your achievements will be improved. After a long time of understanding, you will be clear and clear, and then you will be clear in your heart and have a clear mind. However, the knowledge you get is
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